Michael's: 2016

2016年11月27日星期日

Introducing Possibilities

What if...?
What about...?
Imagine if...
這些詞語可用來引介可能性、想法或作建議。

What if you're offered even more money than you expected?
What if they offer you a six-week vacation?
Imagine if they ask you to travel to exciting places.
"what if" 和 "imagine if" 可用來引介一個可能的或假想的情境。
兩者之後都要加上主詞和動詞。"what if" 會引出一個問句，因此要使用問號。"imagine if" 會引出一個敘述句，因此會使用句號。

We need to make some big changes to improve sales.
What about changing our brand identity?
What about improving the advertising campaign.
"what about" 可用來建議可能的解決方案或想法。當 "what about" 作此用途時，後面要接動名詞（V + "ing"）。"what about" 會引出一個問句，因此要使用問號。

2016年11月26日星期六

Reported Speech

間接敘法可用來將某人說的話告訴或轉述給他人。"say" 和 "tell" 經常用於間接敘法的句子中。

一般來說，"say" 和 "tell" 的簡單過去式經常用來引介間接敘法的句子。請注意，"said" 的後面要接 ("that") + S + V，而 "told" 後面則接名詞或代名詞 + ("that") + S + V。在兩種情況中 "that" 這個字都可有可無。

在間接敘法中，轉述的內容需要稍加變更。用過去式動詞（"said"、"told"）來引介間接敘法時，現在式動詞需改為過去式。

在間接敘法中，簡單過去式的動詞可以改為過去完成式。不過在英文口語中，動詞形態不用變更。

以過去式引介間接敘法時，某些狀態助動詞要作變更。請注意，"could"、"would"、"should" 和 "ought to" 不用變更。

間接敘法中的代名詞也經常會變更。第一人稱代名詞通常會變為第三人稱代名詞。不過，如果說話者是在轉述自己所說的話時，"I" 則不會改變。

如果您在轉述某人與您，或是包括您在內的一群人的談話內容，第二人稱代名詞通常會變為第一人稱代名詞。

Reported speech is used to tell or report to someone what another person said. The words say and tell are often used to introduce reported speech.

例:
Chuck: I want to grow the company.

I : Chuck said that he wanted to grow the company.
Or
I : Chuck told me that he wanted to grow the company.
間接敘法可用來將某人說的話告訴或轉述給他人。"say" 和 "tell" 經常用於間接敘法的句子中。

Usually, the simple past forms of the verbs say and tell are used to introduce reported speech. Notice that said is followed by that + S + V,

but told is followed by a noun or a pronoun + that + S + V.

The word that is optional in both cases.

Verb Tense Changes

Chuck: I want to grow the company.

I : Chuck said that he wanted to grow the company.

Matthew: I am reading the report.

I : Matthew told me that he was reading the report.

A few changes need to be make to the speech you are reporting . When the reported speech is introduced by a verb in the past tense (said, told), verbs in the present tense change to past tense.

在間接敘法中，轉述的內容需要稍加變更。用過去式動詞（"said"、"told"）來引介間接敘法時，現在式動詞需改為過去式。

Carlo: I finished the presentation early.

I : Carol told me that she had finished the presentation early.

I : Carol told me that she finished the presentation early.

Verbs in the simple past can change to the past perfect in reported speedh. However, these verbs often don't change in spoken English. 在間接敘法中，簡單過去式的動詞可以改為過去完成式。不過在英文口語中，動詞形態不用變更。

Modal Changes

Chuck : I can grow the company.

I : Chuck said he could grow the company.

Matthew: I will lead the meeting.

I : Matthew told me that he would lead the meeting.

some modals change when the reported speech is introduced in the past tense. Note that could, would, should, and ought to don't change. 以過去式引介間接敘法時，某些狀態助動詞要作變更。請注意，"could"、"would"、"should" 和 "ought to" 不用變更。

Pronoun Changes

Chuck: I want to grow the company.

I : Chuck said that he wanted to grow the company.

Pronouns also often change with reported speech. First person pronouns usually change to third person pronouns. However, if the speaker is reporting what he or she said, I doesn't change. 間接敘法中的代名詞也經常會變更。第一人稱代名詞通常會變為第三人稱代名詞。不過，如果說話者是在轉述自己所說的話時，"I" 則不會改變。

You need to make a decision soon.

Matthew said that I needed to make a decision soon.

Your report is due tomorrow.

如果您在轉述某人與您，或是包括您在內的一群人的談話內容，第二人稱代名詞通常會變為第一人稱代名詞。

Second person pronouns usually change to first person pronouns if you are reporting what someone said to you or to a group that includes you.

Sue said that our report was due tomorrow.

2016年11月20日星期日

Vocabulary

Diversify
vt. & vi. 使多樣化; 多樣化
進入新的商業領域

"seniority"（名詞）是指年資。"seniority" 為不可數名詞。另一種形式為 "senior"（形容詞）。
What if our seniority doesn't matter anymore?
Amy was promoted mostly because of her seniority.

sake
緣故,理由;為了,看在…份上

"for the sake of"（介詞片語）是指為了改善、提升或造福某人或某事之意。
"for the sake of" 後面要接名詞片語。您也可以將名詞片語的所有格形態置於 "sake" 前面。
若是採取此種用法，則省略 "of"。

For my client's sake, I need to understand acquisition process.

For the sake of fairness, everyone should be involved the negotiations.

"continuity"（名詞）是指即使一段時間內當其他事情有所變化，而仍能維持不變的特質。如果有"continuity"即表示有某種程度的一致性。"continuity" 為不可數名詞。其它的形態還包括 "continue"（動詞）和 "continuous"（形容詞）。

His presence could actually help maintain the continuity and stability of the company.

Let's make sure the new accountant maintains the continuity in our payroll process.

"specifics"（名詞）是指某件事的相關細節或特質。"specifics" 永遠為複數形態。"the" 這個字可有可無。其它的形態還包括 "specific"（形容詞）。

Let's talk about specifics later.

It's common to discuss specifics such as salary and benefits in a second job interview.

"be pressed for"（動詞片語）是指缺乏某事物。"be pressed for" 的後面要接受詞，通常為 "time" 或 "money"。

I'm a little pressed for time.

We can't build a new facility this quarter; we're pressed for money.

2016年11月17日星期四

Delete CCS model

#=======================================================================
# Delete CCS models
# receiver_capacitance/output_current_rise/output_current_fall/ccs_retain_rise/ccs_retain_fall
#=======================================================================
enable_api pub

proc delete_ccs {LIB} {

log_info "Delete all CCST tables"

foreach cellid [pub::get_obj_list $LIB type cell] {
set no_def_pins {}
log_info "Working on cell [pub::get_obj_name $cellid]"
foreach pinid [pub::get_obj_list $cellid type pin] {
set pintype [pub::get_obj_attr $pinid direction]
log_info "Working on $pintype pin [pub::get_obj_name $pinid]"
set flag 0
foreach receiver_capacitance_id [pub::get_obj_list $pinid type receiver_capacitance] {
log_info "deleting receiver_capacitance"
pub::del_obj $receiver_capacitance_id
}
}

log_info "checking bus"
foreach busid [pub::get_obj_list $cellid type bus] {
set bustype [pub::get_obj_attr $busid direction]
log_info "Working on $bustype bus [pub::get_obj_name $busid]"
set flag 0
foreach pin_bus_id [pub::get_obj_list $busid type pin] {
set bus_pin_type [pub::get_obj_attr $pin_bus_id direction]
log_info "Working on $bus_pin_type pin of bus [pub::get_obj_name $pin_bus_id]"
foreach receiver_capacitance_id [pub::get_obj_list $pin_bus_id type receiver_capacitance] {
log_info "deleting receiver_capacitance"
pub::del_obj $receiver_capacitance_id
}

foreach timing_block [pub::get_obj_list $pin_bus_id type timing] {
set bus_pin_timing_type [pub::get_obj_attr $timing_block timing_type]
log_info "Working on $bus_pin_timing_type timing_type of bus_pin [pub::get_obj_name $timing_block]"
foreach output_current_rise_id [pub::get_obj_list $timing_block type output_current_rise] {
log_info "deleting CCS rising"
pub::del_obj $output_current_rise_id
}
foreach output_current_fall_id [pub::get_obj_list $timing_block type output_current_fall] {
log_info "deleting CCS falling"
pub::del_obj $output_current_fall_id
}
foreach ccs_retain_rise_id [pub::get_obj_list $timing_block type ccs_retain_rise] {
log_info "deleting CCS retain rising"
pub::del_obj $ccs_retain_rise_id
}
foreach ccs_retain_fall_id [pub::get_obj_list $timing_block type ccs_retain_fall] {
log_info "deleting CCS retain falling"
pub::del_obj $ccs_retain_fall_id
}
}
}
}
}
}

set LIB [pub::read_model -liberty SYHB110_256X8X2CM4_ss0p90vm40c.lib]
delete_ccs $LIB
set tmp [pub::write_model $LIB SYHB110_256X8X2CM4_ss0p90vm40c.lib_withoutCCS]

2016年9月28日星期三

Expressing Agreement

Expressing strong agreement 這些詞語可用來表示您完全同意他人的話，表達出強烈的贊同之意。

I completely agree.
Absolutely.
Definitely.

A:I thought the conference we attended on emerging technologies was extremely informative.
B: I completely agree.
A: The networking meeting was a great way to meet potential clients.
B: Absolutely.

Expressing partial agreement 這些詞語表示您同意某人部份的意見，而非完全同意。表達出部份贊同之意。

I would tend to agree with you.
I agree in principle.
I agree in general.

A: I think the increase in interest rates is a good thing for the economy.
B: I agree in general, but there are some negative points as well.部份同意詞語的後面通常會接相反的意見，例如："I agree in general, but..."

Expressing simple agreement 某些詞語只顯示贊同之意，不強調任何事情。

I agree with you on that.
You're right.
I have the same opinion.

Traffic is getting worse now that so many companies are opening office in this part of town.
You're right.

2016年9月27日星期二

Past Perfect

過去完成式的句型為 "had" + 過去分詞。它用來表示某項動作是在過去另一項動作之前完成的。第一個事件 (had left for New York) 用過去完成式。第二個事件 (arrived at the airport) 則用簡單過去式。

如果句中有 "before" 或 "after" ，通常就不需要使用過去完成式，因為時間的關係十分明顯。所以可以改用簡單過去式，像第二句一樣。兩個句子的意義相同。

在這些句子中，過去完成式用來表達未實現的願望。在第一個句子中，說話者希望訂期相會，但是未能如願。在第二句中，說話者未能接獲 Mike 將會晚到的通知，但是希望之前若是能接到就好了。

I had hoped to make an appointment with him before he left.
I wish you had told me Mike was going to be late.

否定句的句型為將 "not" 置於助動詞 "had" 之後。

問句的句型為將助動詞 "had" 置於主詞之前。

THE PAST PERFECT TENSE

Use the past perfect to show that an action was completed before another action in the past. Use the past perfect to describe the first action and use the simple past to describe the second action.

Positive Statement
S + had + past participle
She had already left for New York when I arrived at the airport.

Negative Statement
S + had + not + past participle
He hadn't called me in a few days, so I called him.

Question
Had + S + past participle?
Had you met him before this evening?

She had already left for New York when I arrived at the airport.
(First she left for New York, and then I arrived at the airport.)

In sentences with before or after, the past perfect is optional because the time relationships are already clear.

Mike had left for London before I arrived at his house.
Mike left for London before I arrived at his house.

The past perfect can also be used to express an unrealized hope or wish.

I had hoped to make an appointment with him before he left.
I wish you had told me Mike was going to be late.

補充: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7sXGfQ6R6nc

片語

(expression) = 花大筆錢

[informal]
used to say that someone is very rich

片語

(expression) = 花大筆錢

[informal]
used to say that someone is very rich

2016年9月6日星期二

Analysis pass rate for CCSN consistency

Code:
$LC_LOG = $ARGV[0];
$index_X = $ARGV[1];
$index_Y = $ARGV[2];
open(h2,"+>temp.log");

my @all_fail = 0;

##### Get X index values #####
open(XFile,"<$index_X");
while(<XFile>){
chop $_;
@X_ary=split(",",$_);
}
foreach $X_value (@X_ary)
{
print "X array vlues:$X_value\n";
}

##### Get Y index values #####
open(YFile,"<$index_Y");
$i=0;
while(<YFile>){
chop $_;
@Y_ary=split(",",$_);
$Y0[$i]=$Y_ary[0] ;
$Y1[$i]=$Y_ary[1] ;
$Y2[$i]=$Y_ary[2] ;
$Y3[$i]=$Y_ary[3] ;
$Y4[$i]=$Y_ary[4] ;
$Y5[$i]=$Y_ary[5] ;
$Y6[$i]=$Y_ary[6] ;
$i=$i+1;
}
#$i=0;
#foreach $Y_value (@Y1)
#{
# #print "Y0 array vlues:$Y_value counter $i ";
# print "$Y_value";
# $i++;
#}

##### Replace Y values to Y symbol #####
open(Validation_data,"<$LC_LOG");
while(<Validation_data>){
foreach $Y_value_0 (@Y0)
{
s/,$Y_value_0 /,Y_0 /g ;
}
foreach $Y_value_1 (@Y1)
{
s/,$Y_value_1 /,Y_1 /g ;
}
foreach $Y_value_2 (@Y2)
{
s/,$Y_value_2 /,Y_2 /g ;
}
foreach $Y_value_3 (@Y3)
{
s/,$Y_value_3 /,Y_3 /g ;
}
foreach $Y_value_4 (@Y4)
{
s/,$Y_value_4 /,Y_4 /g ;
}
foreach $Y_value_5 (@Y5)
{
s/,$Y_value_5 /,Y_5 /g ;
}
foreach $Y_value_6 (@Y6)
{
s/,$Y_value_6 /,Y_6 /g ;
#print ",$Y_value_6 ";
}
print "$line ";
$line++;
print h2 $_;
}
close (h2);
rename("temp.log","interpolation.data");

$X0Y0=0; $X0Y1=0; $X0Y2=0; $X0Y3=0; $X0Y4=0; $X0Y5=0; $X0Y6=0;
$X1Y0=0; $X1Y1=0; $X1Y2=0; $X1Y3=0; $X1Y4=0; $X1Y5=0; $X1Y6=0;
$X2Y0=0; $X2Y1=0; $X2Y2=0; $X2Y3=0; $X2Y4=0; $X2Y5=0; $X2Y6=0;
$X3Y0=0; $X3Y1=0; $X3Y2=0; $X3Y3=0; $X3Y4=0; $X3Y5=0; $X3Y6=0;
$X4Y0=0; $X4Y1=0; $X4Y2=0; $X4Y3=0; $X4Y4=0; $X4Y5=0; $X4Y6=0;
$X5Y0=0; $X5Y1=0; $X5Y2=0; $X5Y3=0; $X5Y4=0; $X5Y5=0; $X5Y6=0;
$X6Y0=0; $X6Y1=0; $X6Y2=0; $X6Y3=0; $X6Y4=0; $X6Y5=0; $X6Y6=0;

open(h3,"<interpolation.data");
open(h2,">interpolation.result");
print "\n";
while(<h3>){
if (/$X_ary[0],Y_0/) { $X0Y0++ ; }
if (/$X_ary[0],Y_1/) { $X0Y1++ ; }
if (/$X_ary[0],Y_2/) { $X0Y2++ ; }
if (/$X_ary[0],Y_3/) { $X0Y3++ ; }
if (/$X_ary[0],Y_4/) { $X0Y4++ ; }
if (/$X_ary[0],Y_5/) { $X0Y5++ ; }
if (/$X_ary[0],Y_6/) { $X0Y6++ ; }
if (/$X_ary[1],Y_0/) { $X1Y0++ ; }
if (/$X_ary[1],Y_1/) { $X1Y1++ ; }
if (/$X_ary[1],Y_2/) { $X1Y2++ ; }
if (/$X_ary[1],Y_3/) { $X1Y3++ ; }
if (/$X_ary[1],Y_4/) { $X1Y4++ ; }
if (/$X_ary[1],Y_5/) { $X1Y5++ ; }
if (/$X_ary[1],Y_6/) { $X1Y6++ ; }
if (/$X_ary[2],Y_0/) { $X2Y0++ ; }
if (/$X_ary[2],Y_1/) { $X2Y1++ ; }
if (/$X_ary[2],Y_2/) { $X2Y2++ ; }
if (/$X_ary[2],Y_3/) { $X2Y3++ ; }
if (/$X_ary[2],Y_4/) { $X2Y4++ ; }
if (/$X_ary[2],Y_5/) { $X2Y5++ ; }
if (/$X_ary[2],Y_6/) { $X2Y6++ ; }
if (/$X_ary[3],Y_0/) { $X3Y0++ ; }
if (/$X_ary[3],Y_1/) { $X3Y1++ ; }
if (/$X_ary[3],Y_2/) { $X3Y2++ ; }
if (/$X_ary[3],Y_3/) { $X3Y3++ ; }
if (/$X_ary[3],Y_4/) { $X3Y4++ ; }
if (/$X_ary[3],Y_5/) { $X3Y5++ ; }
if (/$X_ary[3],Y_6/) { $X3Y6++ ; }
if (/$X_ary[4],Y_0/) { $X4Y0++ ; }
if (/$X_ary[4],Y_1/) { $X4Y1++ ; }
if (/$X_ary[4],Y_2/) { $X4Y2++ ; }
if (/$X_ary[4],Y_3/) { $X4Y3++ ; }
if (/$X_ary[4],Y_4/) { $X4Y4++ ; }
if (/$X_ary[4],Y_5/) { $X4Y5++ ; }
if (/$X_ary[4],Y_6/) { $X4Y6++ ; }
if (/$X_ary[5],Y_0/) { $X5Y0++ ; }
if (/$X_ary[5],Y_1/) { $X5Y1++ ; }
if (/$X_ary[5],Y_2/) { $X5Y2++ ; }
if (/$X_ary[5],Y_3/) { $X5Y3++ ; }
if (/$X_ary[5],Y_4/) { $X5Y4++ ; }
if (/$X_ary[5],Y_5/) { $X5Y5++ ; }
if (/$X_ary[5],Y_6/) { $X5Y6++ ; }
if (/$X_ary[6],Y_0/) { $X6Y0++ ; }
if (/$X_ary[6],Y_1/) { $X6Y1++ ; }
if (/$X_ary[6],Y_2/) { $X6Y2++ ; }
if (/$X_ary[6],Y_3/) { $X6Y3++ ; }
if (/$X_ary[6],Y_4/) { $X6Y4++ ; }
if (/$X_ary[6],Y_5/) { $X6Y5++ ; }
if (/$X_ary[6],Y_6/) { $X6Y6++ ; }
}
print "Slew-01 $X0Y0 $X0Y1 $X0Y2 $X0Y3 $X0Y4 $X0Y5 $X0Y6 \n" ;
print "Slew-02 $X1Y0 $X1Y1 $X1Y2 $X1Y3 $X1Y4 $X1Y5 $X1Y6 \n" ;
print "Slew-03 $X2Y0 $X2Y1 $X2Y2 $X2Y3 $X2Y4 $X2Y5 $X2Y6 \n" ;
print "Slew-04 $X3Y0 $X3Y1 $X3Y2 $X3Y3 $X3Y4 $X3Y5 $X3Y6 \n" ;
print "Slew-05 $X4Y0 $X4Y1 $X4Y2 $X4Y3 $X4Y4 $X4Y5 $X4Y6 \n" ;
print "Slew-06 $X5Y0 $X5Y1 $X5Y2 $X5Y3 $X5Y4 $X5Y5 $X5Y6 \n" ;
print "Slew-07 $X6Y0 $X6Y1 $X6Y2 $X6Y3 $X6Y4 $X6Y5 $X6Y6 \n" ;

printf ("Slew-01 %-5s %-5s %-5s %-5s %-5s %-5s %-5s \n", $X0Y0,$X0Y1,$X0Y2,$X0Y3,$X0Y4,$X0Y5,$X0Y6 ) ;
printf ("Slew-02 %-5s %-5s %-5s %-5s %-5s %-5s %-5s \n", $X1Y0,$X1Y1,$X1Y2,$X1Y3,$X1Y4,$X1Y5,$X1Y6 ) ;
printf ("Slew-03 %-5s %-5s %-5s %-5s %-5s %-5s %-5s \n", $X2Y0,$X2Y1,$X2Y2,$X2Y3,$X2Y4,$X2Y5,$X2Y6 ) ;
printf ("Slew-04 %-5s %-5s %-5s %-5s %-5s %-5s %-5s \n", $X3Y0,$X3Y1,$X3Y2,$X3Y3,$X3Y4,$X3Y5,$X3Y6 ) ;
printf ("Slew-05 %-5s %-5s %-5s %-5s %-5s %-5s %-5s \n", $X4Y0,$X4Y1,$X4Y2,$X4Y3,$X4Y4,$X4Y5,$X4Y6 ) ;
printf ("Slew-06 %-5s %-5s %-5s %-5s %-5s %-5s %-5s \n", $X5Y0,$X5Y1,$X5Y2,$X5Y3,$X5Y4,$X5Y5,$X5Y6 ) ;
printf ("Slew-07 %-5s %-5s %-5s %-5s %-5s %-5s %-5s \n", $X6Y0,$X6Y1,$X6Y2,$X6Y3,$X6Y4,$X6Y5,$X6Y6 ) ;

printf h2 (" %-7s %-7s %-7s %-7s %-7s %-7s %-7s \n", "Load-1","Load-2","Load-3","Load-4","Load-5","Load-6","Load-7", ) ;
printf h2 ("Slew-01 %-7s %-7s %-7s %-7s %-7s %-7s %-7s \n", $X0Y0,$X0Y1,$X0Y2,$X0Y3,$X0Y4,$X0Y5,$X0Y6 ) ;
printf h2 ("Slew-02 %-7s %-7s %-7s %-7s %-7s %-7s %-7s \n", $X1Y0,$X1Y1,$X1Y2,$X1Y3,$X1Y4,$X1Y5,$X1Y6 ) ;
printf h2 ("Slew-03 %-7s %-7s %-7s %-7s %-7s %-7s %-7s \n", $X2Y0,$X2Y1,$X2Y2,$X2Y3,$X2Y4,$X2Y5,$X2Y6 ) ;
printf h2 ("Slew-04 %-7s %-7s %-7s %-7s %-7s %-7s %-7s \n", $X3Y0,$X3Y1,$X3Y2,$X3Y3,$X3Y4,$X3Y5,$X3Y6 ) ;
printf h2 ("Slew-05 %-7s %-7s %-7s %-7s %-7s %-7s %-7s \n", $X4Y0,$X4Y1,$X4Y2,$X4Y3,$X4Y4,$X4Y5,$X4Y6 ) ;
printf h2 ("Slew-06 %-7s %-7s %-7s %-7s %-7s %-7s %-7s \n", $X5Y0,$X5Y1,$X5Y2,$X5Y3,$X5Y4,$X5Y5,$X5Y6 ) ;
printf h2 ("Slew-07 %-7s %-7s %-7s %-7s %-7s %-7s %-7s \n", $X6Y0,$X6Y1,$X6Y2,$X6Y3,$X6Y4,$X6Y5,$X6Y6 ) ;

Usage:
perl analysis_consistancy.pl LC.log index_X index_Y

Generate index_X and index_Y :
grep index_1 a.lib | sort -u > index_X
grep index_2 a.lib | sort -u > index_Y
note: need to remove pre-fix and space ...etc

index_X :
0.002,0.0154552,0.062686,0.15288,0.293398,0.490561,0.75,

index_Y :
0.001,0.00106724,0.00130329,0.00175404,0.0024563,0.00344165,0.00473823
0.001,0.00109782,0.00144119,0.00209692,0.0031185,0.00455189,0.00643805
0.001,0.00110011,0.00145154,0.00212263,0.00316816,0.00463515,0.00656552
0.001,0.00110183,0.00145928,0.00214189,0.00320536,0.00469752,0.00666101
0.001,0.00110373,0.00146783,0.00216315,0.00324641,0.00476635,0.00676639

Results:
Load-1 Load-2 Load-3 Load-4 Load-5 Load-6 Load-7
Slew-01 656 771 1032 1683 1802 1353 639
Slew-02 599 714 919 1548 1475 878 330
Slew-03 613 733 867 1295 982 365 205
Slew-04 781 841 844 971 590 255 176
Slew-05 800 809 632 535 344 196 167
Slew-06 774 641 397 284 196 186 158
Slew-07 1242 898 519 355 131 143 155

2016年8月31日星期三

Conditional sentences: Unreal (present/future)

本條件句的第一部份描述一個不實際或虛假的狀況，第二部份則陳述如果該狀況為真時，會發生的後果。

不實條件句（反白標明者）的 "if" 子句描述了一個不實際或虛假的狀況。在這個情況下，說話者不知道電話號碼為何。這可由句中的 "if" 和動詞的過去式得知。

結果子句（反白標明者）陳述一旦 "if" 子句的情況為真時，將會發生的事情。不過，因為 "if" 子句是描述不實際的情形，所以不會發生。

整個句子的意思是說話者想要打電話確認訂單，但是因為不知道電話號碼，所以無法這樣做。請注意，當 "if" 子句置於句首時，後面要加上逗號。

請留意這些有關現在及未來不實情況的條件句之句型。在 "if" 子句中，會使用過去式的動詞。在結果子句中，動詞之前通常會加上 "would"。

若使用 "be" 動詞，請用 "were" 的形態，即使主詞為 "I"、"he"、"she" 或 "it" 時亦然。不過，在比較不正式的情況下，也可以使用 "was"。

否定句的句型為將 "didn't" 置於 "if" 子句內的動詞前面，或將 "not" 置於結果子句內的 "would" 後面。

"If" 子句通常位於句子的第一個部份，不過也可以置於句尾。當 "if" 子句出現在結果子句的後面時，請將逗號刪除。句意不會有所改變。

If I knew the phone number, I would call to check on the order.

結果子句（反白標明者）陳述一旦 "if" 子句的情況為真時，將會發生的事情。不過，因為 "if" 子句是描述不實際的情形，所以不會發生。

整個句子的意思是說話者想要打電話確認訂單，但是因為不知道電話號碼，所以無法這樣做。請注意，當 "if" 子句置於句首時，後面要加上逗號。

If clause result

-------------- --------------

past form would+base

If I knew......., I would call..........

請留意這些有關現在及未來不實情況的條件句之句型。在 "if" 子句中，會使用過去式的動詞。在結果子句中，動詞之前通常會加上 "would"。

If I were you, I would stay home.

If I were Mike, I would sell the company.

If she was having personal problems, she would tell me about them.

若使用 "be" 動詞，請用 "were" 的形態，即使主詞為 "I"、"he"、"she" 或 "it" 時亦然。不過，在比較不正式的情況下，也可以使用 "was"。

If he left this company, he wouldn't have any difficulty finding a new job.

If she didn't have so much to do, she would be less stressed.

否定句的句型為將 "didn't" 置於 "if" 子句內的動詞前面，或將 "not" 置於結果子句內的 "would" 後面。

If he left this company, he wouldn't have any difficulty finding a new job. ->

He wouldn't have any difficulty finding a new job if he left this company.

"If" 子句通常位於句子的第一個部份，不過也可以置於句尾。當 "if" 子句出現在結果子句的後面時，請將逗號刪除。句意不會有所改變。

UNREAL CONDITIONAL SENTENCES IN THE PRESENT AND FUTURE

In an unreal conditional sentence, the if clause describes a situation that is not real or not true. The result clause states what would happen if the unreal situation were true.

Example:

If I knew the phone number,
--I would call to check on the order.

(I don't know the number,
--so I can't call to check on the order.)

Postive
Sentences

"If" Clause
If S V (past tense)
If I knew the phone number,

Result Clause
S would V (base form)
I would call to check on the order.

With "be"	If S were	S would V (base form)
	If I were you, I would stay home today.

With "be" (less formal)	If S was	S would V (base form)
	If she was having personal problems, she would tell me.

Negative Sentences	If S didn't V (past tense)	S would V (base form)
	If she didn't have so much to do, she would feel less stress.
OR	If S V (past tense)	S wouldn't V (base form)
	If he left the company, he wouldn't have any difficulty finding a new job.

The order of the clauses doesn't matter.

If he left the company, he wouldn't have any difficulty finding a new job.

He wouldn't have any difficulty finding a new job if he left the company.

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小對話
	A : Can you just stop beating around the bush？ We need an answer.
	（可不可以不要拐彎抹角啊？我們要的是答案。）

	B :All right. I'm not chipping in this time.
	（好吧，我這次不捐錢了。）

小對話
	A : Can you just stop beating around the bush？ We need an answer.
	（可不可以不要拐彎抹角啊？我們要的是答案。）

	B :All right. I'm not chipping in this time.
	（好吧，我這次不捐錢了。）

「beat around the bush」是什麼意思？拐彎抹角
	此一俚語的由來是：從前獵人打獵時，會請人敲打灌木叢，好讓樹叢裡的小動物受驚嚇而跑出來，藉此則間接可幫助獵人打獵。後來將「敲打灌木」 (beat around the bush) 引申為不直接了當地說，而是一味地「拐彎抹角」。

「beat around the bush」是什麼意思？拐彎抹角
	此一俚語的由來是：從前獵人打獵時，會請人敲打灌木叢，好讓樹叢裡的小動物受驚嚇而跑出來，藉此則間接可幫助獵人打獵。後來將「敲打灌木」 (beat around the bush) 引申為不直接了當地說，而是一味地「拐彎抹角」。

2016年11月27日 星期日

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2016年9月28日 星期三

2016年9月27日 星期二

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2016年8月31日 星期三