Conditional sentences: Unreal (present/future)

本條件句的第一部份描述一個不實際或虛假的狀況，第二部份則陳述如果該狀況為真時，會發生的後果。

不實條件句（反白標明者）的 "if" 子句描述了一個不實際或虛假的狀況。在這個情況下，說話者不知道電話號碼為何。這可由句中的 "if" 和動詞的過去式得知。

結果子句（反白標明者）陳述一旦 "if" 子句的情況為真時，將會發生的事情。不過，因為 "if" 子句是描述不實際的情形，所以不會發生。

整個句子的意思是說話者想要打電話確認訂單，但是因為不知道電話號碼，所以無法這樣做。請注意，當 "if" 子句置於句首時，後面要加上逗號。

請留意這些有關現在及未來不實情況的條件句之句型。在 "if" 子句中，會使用過去式的動詞。在結果子句中，動詞之前通常會加上 "would"。

若使用 "be" 動詞，請用 "were" 的形態，即使主詞為 "I"、"he"、"she" 或 "it" 時亦然。不過，在比較不正式的情況下，也可以使用 "was"。

否定句的句型為將 "didn't" 置於 "if" 子句內的動詞前面，或將 "not" 置於結果子句內的 "would" 後面。

"If" 子句通常位於句子的第一個部份，不過也可以置於句尾。當 "if" 子句出現在結果子句的後面時，請將逗號刪除。句意不會有所改變。

If I knew the phone number, I would call to check on the order.

結果子句（反白標明者）陳述一旦 "if" 子句的情況為真時，將會發生的事情。不過，因為 "if" 子句是描述不實際的情形，所以不會發生。

整個句子的意思是說話者想要打電話確認訂單，但是因為不知道電話號碼，所以無法這樣做。請注意，當 "if" 子句置於句首時，後面要加上逗號。

If clause                 result

--------------             --------------

past form               would+base

If I knew.......,         I would call..........

請留意這些有關現在及未來不實情況的條件句之句型。在 "if" 子句中，會使用過去式的動詞。在結果子句中，動詞之前通常會加上 "would"。

If I were you, I would stay home.

If I were Mike, I would sell the company.

If she was having personal problems, she would tell me about them.

若使用 "be" 動詞，請用 "were" 的形態，即使主詞為 "I"、"he"、"she" 或 "it" 時亦然。不過，在比較不正式的情況下，也可以使用 "was"。

If he left this company, he wouldn't have any difficulty finding a new job.

If she didn't have so much to do, she would be less stressed.

否定句的句型為將 "didn't" 置於 "if" 子句內的動詞前面，或將 "not" 置於結果子句內的 "would" 後面。

If he left this company, he wouldn't have any difficulty finding a new job. ->

He wouldn't have any difficulty finding a new job if he left this company.

"If" 子句通常位於句子的第一個部份，不過也可以置於句尾。當 "if" 子句出現在結果子句的後面時，請將逗號刪除。句意不會有所改變。

UNREAL CONDITIONAL SENTENCES IN THE PRESENT AND FUTURE

In an unreal conditional sentence, the if clause describes a situation that is not real or not true. The result clause states what would happen if the unreal situation were true.

Example:

If I knew the phone number, --I would call to check on the order.

(I don't know the number, --so I can't call to check on the order.)

Postive Sentences

"If" Clause If  S  V (past tense) If I knew the phone number,

Result Clause S  would  V (base form) I would call to check on the order.

With "be"	If  S  were	S  would  V (base form)
	If I were you, I would stay home today.

With "be" (less formal)	If  S  was	S  would  V (base form)
	If she was having personal problems, she would tell me.

Negative Sentences	If  S  didn't  V (past tense)	S  would  V (base form)
	If she didn't have so much to do, she would feel less stress.
OR	If  S  V (past tense)	S  wouldn't  V (base form)
	If he left the company, he wouldn't have any difficulty finding a new job.

The order of the clauses doesn't matter.

If he left the company, he wouldn't have any difficulty finding a new job.

He wouldn't have any difficulty finding a new job if he left the company.

FIND

1. find and delete data in some directory
find . -name models\* | xargs \rm -rf

past progressive

The past progressive is used to say that something was happening at a particular time in the past. However, the past progressive of certain nonaction verbs softens statements, requests, suggestions, and questions, making them less direct and more polite.
過去進行式可用來說明過去特定時間正在發生某件事。不過，某些不表動作的動詞之過去進行式，可以使陳述句、要求、建議和問句的語氣較柔和，聽起來比較委婉且禮貌。

"was/were hoping" 能使要求的口吻較為柔和。後面可以加上不定詞 (to V)，或是 ("that") + 主詞 (S) + "could/might/would" + 原形動詞 (V)。
Do you know when Mr. Smith will be back in this office?
I was hoping to speak with him today.
I was hoping I could speak with him today.

S + "was/were wondering" 後面加上以"wh-" 疑問詞、"if"、 或 "whether"開首的子句，可用來形成禮貌的問句。
S + "was/were wondering" 後面加上
"if" + S + "could/might/would" + V 可用來形成禮貌的建議或要求。
I was wondering when we could meet?
I was wondering when we could meet later this afternoon?

S + "was/were thinking" + ("that") + S + "should/could/might/would" 或"ought to" + V 可用來形成禮貌的建議。
I was thinking we could meet when I am in London next week. 
I was thinking first thing in the morning would be a good time to meet. 

Notes:

were wondering

解釋:上述答案是正確的，因為後面可接 if、主詞、would 和動詞來形成禮貌的請求。were 與主詞 Mike and I 配合使用。

was hoping

解釋:上述答案是正確的，因為它能與不定詞配合使用。was 與主詞 I 配合使用。

was hoping

was wondering if

was thinking

解釋:上述答案是正確的，因為後面可接主詞、could 和動詞來形成禮貌的請求或建議。was 與主詞 I 配合使用。

片語

put through(phrasal verb) = 接通

[separable; used with an object]
to transfer someone's telephone call to someone else

Could you please put me through to Edgar's voice mail?

pick up(phrasal verb) = 聽取

[separable; used with an object]
to gather or collect something

I'll pick up my voice mail messages right after the meeting.

be tied up(verb phrase) = 忙得被困住而走不開

to be unavailable because you are busy

I need to talk to Rhonda, but she's tied up in meetings all day.

phone in(phrasal verb) = 打電話進來

[inseparable; not used with an object]
to call the place where you work

Janet's not in the office today, but she'll probably phone in after lunch to check her voice mail.

first thing(adverb phrase) = 第一要務

before anything else happens

My manager wants this report first thing tomorrow morning, so I have to finish it before I go home today.

Offering Assistance

Q: I need someone to help me set up the meeting.
A: I'll see what I can arrange.
A: I'll see if I can.
這些表達方式用來提供協助。 一般而言，相較於完整的 "I will"，縮寫的"I’ll"較常用於說話時。

Q: I need to find out more information about this company.
A: Why don't I call the CEO for you?
A: I'd be happy to call the CEO for you.
「Why don't I」用於表示您想協助他人的意願。 其形態如同問句，但其實是在陳述。 “I’d be happy to” 也可用於表示您想幫助他人的意願。

OFFERING ASSISTANCE Use these expressions to offer assistance or show willingness to assist someone. I'll see what I can (do). I'll see if I can (contact the customer service department). Why don't I (call a doctor)? I'd be happy to (make a reservation for you).

nouns and quantifiers

數量詞可為出現在其後的名詞提供特定資訊。可表達出某種事物的數量。
a number of 
hardly any
a significant amount of
a great deal of 

請注意下列的語法結構："a" + (形容詞) + "number of" + 複數可數名詞
"a number of" 表示 "many"，而 "a significant/considerable number of"表示 "very many"。這些片語只能和複數可數名詞一同使用。
quantifiers used with countable nouns
Q:
Were there any important changes to the contract?
A:
There were a number of changes.
There were considerable number of changes.
There were a significant number of changes.

"a great deal of" 和含有 "amount of" 的詞語只能與不可數名詞合用，表示大量的意思。
Quantifiers used with uncountable nouns
Q:
Do you think there is any risk in selling now?
A:
There is a great deal of risk in selling now.
There is a significant amount of risk in selling now.
There is a considerable amount of risk in selling now.

請注意，"hardly any" 在和複數可數名詞合用時表示 "very few" 之意，而在與不可數名詞合用時表示 "a very small amount of" 之意。
Quantifiers used with countable and uncountable nouns
There were hardly any managers at the meeting.
There were hardly any increase in production. 

NOUNS AND QUANTIFIERS Quantifiers give specific information about the quantity of the nouns they come before. Quantifiers Used with Plural Countable Nouns a number of a considerable number of a significant number of + countable noun There were a number of changes to the contract. There were a considerable number of problems with the report. A significant number of customers responded to the survey. Quantifiers Used with Uncountable Nouns a great deal of a significant amount of a considerable amount of + uncountable noun There is a great deal of risk in selling now. We had a significant amount of trouble reaching an agreement. There was a considerable amount of damage after the storm. Quantifiers Used with Countable and Uncountable Nouns hardly any + countable noun uncountable noun There were hardly any managers at the meeting. There was hardly any increase in production.

LSF

簡單測試方法:
% bsub -o /dev/null -q sischar ls

query for resources:
quser -u chihwang | grep bnormal | grep Y